In plain words
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common lung disease that restricts airflow and causes breathing problems. It is sometimes called emphysema or chronic bronchitis. The lungs can be damaged or clogged with phlegm.
COPD is not curable, but symptoms can improve.
Key facts
- Third leading cause of death worldwide: 3.4 million deaths in 2023, about 6% of all deaths.
- Nearly 90% of COPD deaths under age 70 are in low- and middle-income countries.
- Tobacco smoking accounts for over 70% of cases in high-income countries and 30 to 40% in low- and middle-income countries, where household air pollution is a major risk factor.
Symptoms
Difficulty breathing, chronic cough (sometimes with phlegm) and tiredness. Symptoms can worsen quickly in flare-ups lasting a few days, which often need extra medicine.
Related health problems
Lung infections such as flu and pneumonia, lung cancer, heart problems, weak muscles and brittle bones, depression and anxiety.
Management
Avoiding smoking and air pollution and getting vaccines to prevent infections can improve symptoms. COPD can also be treated with medicines, oxygen and pulmonary rehabilitation.
Sources
- WHO fact sheet, COPD, published 10 June 2026, read 9 October 2026.
Last reviewed: 9 October 2026. Reviewer: none yet. This page is general education and is not medical advice. Figures are WHO's and may have been updated since.